Why Does A Biopsy Need To Be Done During Gastroscopy

When performing gastroscopy, doctors often perform biopsies and pathological examinations on patients, so why do we need to perform biopsies? What's wrong with biopsy? Gastric mucosa biopsy is a pathological examination method in medicine, which mainly studies the etiology, pathogenesis, morphological and structural changes and some functional changes caused by esophageal, gastric and duodenal diseases. Different from other pathological examinations, gastric mucosa biopsy is a technique that developed rapidly after the appearance of gastroscopy. Because only through gastroscopy can a simple, fast, and accurate specimen of the esophageal, gastric, and duodenal mucosa be obtained, and pathological examination can be performed on it. Gastroscopy diagnosis provides pathological basis and plays a decisive role in distinguishing the nature of the lesion. For malignant lesions, the range and type of infiltration can be determined. For chronic gastritis, the type, severity, and condition of gastritis can be determined. For ulcer disease and protuberant lesions, their properties can be understood, and for intestinal metaplasia and atypical hyperplasia, regular follow-up can be conducted to understand the progress of the condition. The methods of gastric mucosa biopsy are as follows: 1 Firstly, a gastroscopy examination should be performed. During the gastroscopy examination, traditional Chinese medicine practitioners use gastroscopy to observe the condition of the mucosa of the esophagus, stomach, and duodenum in detail, making preliminary visual judgments. For lesions that require further clarification or are difficult to distinguish with the naked eye, mucosal biopsy should be performed to accurately diagnose. However, the location of the biopsy material is crucial for obtaining accurate diagnosis. In order to improve the positive rate of biopsy, it is particularly important to choose the correct biopsy site. The selection of biopsy sites for different lesions also varies. (1) For protuberant lesions, the focus should be on the top of the protuberance, followed by the base of the protuberance. (2) For suspected submucosal tumors, samples should be taken from the central depression; (3) For concave lesions, such as ulcer disease, samples should be taken around the ulcer, while the white fur is mostly necrotic tissue, with a lower positive rate. (4) There are often two methods for sampling chronic gastritis, namely selective biopsy or localized biopsy. Selective biopsy method refers to the biopsy of the most suspicious or significant lesions visible to the naked eye. In order to further study the nature, distribution, scope, and degree of gastritis, targeted biopsy can be used. There are various targeted biopsy methods, such as three, four, and eight. At present, there are also methods such as ultrasound guided biopsy and staining endoscopic biopsy. The commonly used three biopsy methods are to take a piece of gastric mucosa from each of the small curvature of the gastric antrum, the small curvature of the middle part of the gastric body and the large curvature of the gastric body. The four point biopsy method is based on the three point biopsy method, combined with the small curvature of the gastric horn. The sampling sites for the eight biopsy methods are the small curvature of the gastric antrum, the small curvature of the gastric angle, the small curvature of the lower part of the gastric body, and the obvious lesions outside the same horizontal small curvature, as well as the small curvature of the upper part of the gastric body and the large curvature of the gastric body. When forceping tissue, the biopsy forceps should be as perpendicular as possible to the mucosal surface, preferably reaching deep into the mucosal muscle layer. The biopsy tissue should be placed upright on absorbent paper, and then placed separately in bottles with a fixed solution. The fixed solution is usually 10% formalin solution, and the location of the sample should be indicated. The biopsy tissue should be sent to the pathology department for pathological examination. 3. During biopsy, some patients generally do not experience increased pain, except for feeling a pulling sensation and extending the examination time. Bleeding or perforation caused by biopsy is very rare. To avoid excessive bleeding, it is not advisable to perform multiple biopsies at one location. For those suspected of vascular disease or coagulation disorders, caution should be exercised or biopsy should be prohibited. 4. Endoscopic biopsy is best performed by an experienced doctor.